Physical Security - 1.2
Summary
Physical security measures such as barricades, mantraps, fencing, video surveillance, guards, access badges, lighting, and various sensors help protect facilities by preventing unauthorized access, monitoring activities, and providing controlled access to secure areas.
Notes:
Barricades / Bollards
Barricades and bollards are sturdy physical barriers designed to prevent unauthorized vehicle access and protect buildings or areas from vehicular threats. They are commonly placed at building entrances, walkways, or around sensitive areas to deter vehicle-based attacks and mitigate the risk of ramming attempts.
Access Control Vestibule (Mantrap)
An access control vestibule, also known as a mantrap, is a secure space with two sets of interlocking doors designed to manage and control entry into a secure area. Typically, one door must be closed before the other can open, ensuring controlled and authorized entry into the secure area.
This configuration is highly effective at preventing unauthorized entry techniques, such as piggybacking (when an unauthorized person follows an authorized individual) and tailgating.
Fencing
Fencing provides a physical barrier that defines the perimeter of a facility and restricts access. It acts as both a deterrent to unauthorized personnel and a physical obstacle, making entry more challenging.
Video Surveillance
Video surveillance systems, such as closed-circuit television (CCTV), monitor and record activities within and around a facility. They serve as a deterrent to unauthorized access and assist in identifying security incidents, enabling faster response and better situational awareness.
Guards and Access Badges
Security guards are responsible for monitoring, controlling, and securing access to a facility. They often work in conjunction with access badges, which verify the identity and clearance level of individuals entering secure areas. Access badges can include technologies such as RFID or smart cards for enhanced security.
Lighting
Adequate lighting is essential for physical security, as it deters unauthorized activities, enhances the effectiveness of video surveillance, and reduces potential blind spots that could be exploited for unlawful entry.
Sensors
- Infrared Sensors: Detect heat signatures to identify the presence of unauthorized individuals, commonly used for perimeter protection or indoor movement detection.
- Pressure Sensors: Trigger alarms when weight or pressure is applied to specific areas, such as sensitive floors, entry points, or restricted zones.
- Microwave Sensors: Emit microwave signals to detect movement across larger areas, making them suitable for monitoring open spaces or large rooms.
- Ultrasonic Sensors: Use ultrasonic waves to detect motion, effective for identifying unauthorized movement in secure areas by sensing sound waves.